MS (with distinction) Health Services Management and Policy, New School for Social Research Graduate School of Management and Urban Policy, 1999
New York State Paramedic certification, State University of New York Health
Science Center at Syracuse, 1992; re-certified, 1995
BA Communications (political science, minor) University of Texas at El Paso, 1987
Journalism program, North Texas State University, Denton, Texas, 1983 – 1986
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